JANUARY 10, 2012, 8:00 AM
The Trouble With ‘Like’ By PHILIP B. CORBETT
Notes from the newsroom on grammar, usage and style. (Some frequently asked questions are here.)
There are many ways to misuse “like,” and we do so, repeatedly. Here’s the entry in The Times’s
stylebook:
like. The word plays many grammatical roles. The one that raises a usage issue is its sense
as a preposition meaning similar to. In that guise it can introduce only a noun or a
pronoun: He deals cards like a riverboat gambler. If in doubt about the fitness of a
construction with like, mentally test a substitute preposition (with, for example): He deals
cards with a riverboat gambler. If the resulting sentence is coherent, like is properly used.
But when like is used to introduce a full clause — consisting of subject and verb — it stops
being a preposition and becomes a conjunction. Traditional usage, preferred by The Times,
does not accept that construction: He is competitive, like his father was. Make it as his
father was, or simply like his father. If the as construction (although correct) sounds stiff
or awkward, try the way instead: He is competitive, the way his father was.
In other cases, if like fails the preposition test, as if may be needed: She pedaled as if [not
like] her life depended on it.
When like is used correctly as a preposition, it faces another test. The items linked by like
must be parallel, and therefore comparable. Do not write Like Houston, August in New
York is humid. That sentence compares August to Houston, not what its author meant.
Make it Like Houston, New York is humid in August.
A few recent missteps:
•••
Tangles of people flipped through hangers like they were pages of a magazine, occasionally
glancing up at charts converting original prices to 80-percent reductions.
“Like” is incorrectly used as a conjunction, introducing a full clause. A simple fix here is to trim the
clause to just a prepositional phrase: “like pages of a magazine.”
•••
But Mr. Boehner reiterated that House Republicans want a full-year extension like they approved
earlier this month, though their measure did not have the president’s or the Senate’s support,
largely because of unrelated provisions that House Republicans attached and because it would cut
unemployment aid from current levels.
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Again, “like” is incorrectly used as a conjunction. One fix: “like the one they approved.”
•••
In 1980, Mr. Gingrich staged an event on the steps of the Capitol for Republicans to publicly commit
to a “G.O.P. National Contract’’ that pledged tax and spending cuts, much like the Contract With
America later would in 1994.
Same problem. Here, we could just switch to “as.”
•••
Like most patterns derived from small sample sizes — there have been only five competitive
Republican caucuses since 1980 — it is possible that this one is just a coincidence.
Here’s the other problem mentioned in the stylebook entry, a form of dangling modifier. The person or
thing that is “like most patterns” should come right after the modifier. One simple fix: “Like most
patterns … this one may be just a coincidence.”
When Spell-Check Can’t Help
Just after I had emptied this file, four new examples of sound-alike mix-ups popped up:
•••
Charlotte Moss, the designer, pointed out that artificial mistletoe can be “unbelievably real.’’ But Ms.
Moss, who remembers shimmying up a tree in her native Virginia to get fresh mistletoe, said that
she still prefers the actual thing.
A reader notes that the word for pulling oneself up a tree or pole is “shinny” or “shin.” “Shimmy”
means to shake. (Also, note that our sequence-of-tense rules call for “preferred” after the past-tense
“said.”)
•••
The snakes, which favor the warmth and humidity of South Florida, typically hide out in the brush.
During mating season, which is occurring now, they often sun themselves on levies near canals.
A surprisingly common mix-up. A levy is a tax; we meant “levees.”
•••
Questioned by a prominent television anchor, she repudiated Mullen’s testimony, not only
disavowing any evidence of ISI complicity in the attack on America’s embassy in Kabul but also softpeddling
the spy agency’s coziness with terrorists.
Make it “soft-pedaling.” The image is not of a low-key sales pitch, but of a pianist using a pedal to
soften a tone.
•••
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So here’s my forecast for next year: If Mr. Romney is in fact the Republican presidential nominee, he
will make wildly false claims about Mr. Obama and, occasionally, get some flack for doing so.
“Flack” is a slang term for publicist; the slang term meaning criticism is “flak.”
In a Word
This week’s grab bag of grammar, style and other missteps, compiled with help from colleagues and
readers.
•••
But at least a couple times each week, there’s a flare-up of one kind or another — one of the
consequences of creating stars out of so many ordinary people.
Make it “a couple of times.”
•••
On Dec. 17, they were married at the Clarke Cooke House, a restaurant in Newport, R.I., where the
bride and her father, a paper company executive, often ate dinner after sailing. On the menu was
lobster rolls and French fries.
Be careful with these inverted constructions. The compound subject is plural; make it “were.”
•••
This fall, PBS embarked on a marketing blitz to promote Ken Burns’s “Prohibition” documentary
miniseries, including a joint round-table discussion with Mr. Burns and the creators of HBO’s
drama “Boardwalk Empire,” which takes place during the Prohibition era. … An aggressive
promotional campaign helped “Downton Abbey” win six Emmy Awards, including best mini-series
or movie, away from competitors on HBO and Starz.
Which is it? The stylebook favors “mini-series,” with the hyphen.
•••
Ms. Badger was treated and released from Stamford Hospital on Sunday.
This is police-blotter jargon — she was not “treated from Stamford Hospital.” We could say “treated at
Stamford Hospital and released.”
•••
Thrift stores, once thought of as dusty places where the down-on-their-luck skulked for bargains, are
gradually adding perks that impart a more-exclusive feel to the shopping experience.
No need for a hyphen in this phrase.
•••
The wide gap between the figures for Mr. Gingrich and Mr. Santorum say much about their
organizations in Iowa, which has more than 1,700 precincts.
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Agreement problem: make it “the wide gap … says.”
•••
On 35 trading days in the year, the broader market closed with a gain or loss of 2 percent or more —
the most number of days of that magnitude since the financial crisis of 2008-9 and making
2011 among the most volatile on record for stocks.
Make it “the most days,” and rephrase the rest of this awkward sentence.
•••
Outside a synagogue on Hazon Ish Street in the Kirya ha-Haredit quarter, a sign requested that
females should cross to the opposite sidewalk and certainly not tarry outside the building.
“Should” is unnecessary after “requested.”
•••
Asked if the on-air tribute were an indication that this might be Mr. Clark’s last year on “Rockin’
Eve,” Mr. Shapiro said, “That’s a great question, and the only one that knows that answer is Dick
himself.”
For proper sequence of tenses, this should simply be the past tense “was”; no need for the subjunctive.
•••
The near fire-sale prices are great for consumers, who can now buy a television for a fraction of
what one cost just a few years ago.
False precision. The already overused “fire-sale prices” really doesn’t mean anything except that the
prices are very low. Saying prices are “near” fire-sale levels tells the reader nothing more, especially
since the article had already quoted actual prices.
•••
That was not the case, however, with the Rev. Bill Devlin, an evangelical pastor, who was upset by a
separate issue.
As Mr. Bloomberg took the stage to deliver his remarks, the Rev. Devlin rose to protest a decision by
the city to eject churches and religious groups that hold prayer service in schools.
Here’s what the stylebook says:
Rev. The Rev. Lee A. Bildots. For most Protestants the later reference is Mr., Ms., Mrs. or
Miss. For Roman Catholics, Orthodox Christians and those Episcopalians who prefer it, use
Father in later references: Father Bildots. Lutheran ministers, in later references, are
normally called Pastor: Pastor Bildots. (For an exception, see pastor.) Never use the Rev.
(or just Reverend) with a surname alone, as in Reverend Bildots is coming to dinner.
•••
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Brazilians here slip into the Latin American lifestyle — late dinners and familiar fashions, food
familiar music.
We were showing our ragged edges here. This jumbled edit made it into print but was later fixed for the
Web.
•••
WASHINGTON — Even as they advocate for limited government, many of the Republican
presidential candidates hold expansive views about the scope of the executive powers they would
wield if elected — including the ability to authorize the targeted killing of United States citizens they
deem threats and to launch military attacks without Congressional permission.
“Advocate” is a transitive verb that should take a direct object. You advocate limited government; you
don’t advocate FOR limited government.
•••
In the case of the teenager’s arrest described by Mr. Gentile, Mr. Browne said the plainclothes officer
involved had a script he was working from that indicated he had just stolen the electronic device from
an Apple store and wanted to get rid of it for an inexpensive price.
The object is inexpensive; the price is low.
•••
Like many on hand, Mr. Cohen was aware, he said, that while classic brands are sometimes
revived (Corning executives bought back the rights to the Steuben name to keep it out of competitors’
hands), they usually do so as specters of themselves.
The “do so” construction should be parallel with what it refers back to. Here, the earlier construction is
passive and so not parallel. Perhaps the convoluted sentence and the parenthetical insert threw us off
track.
•••
Ticket sales for serious-minded Broadway shows were akin to a lump of coal last week during the
run-up to the Christmas holiday, according to an analysis of weekly show grosses released on
Tuesday.
Like the “Grinch” allusion I grumped over last week, this “lump of coal” analogy isn’t very fresh. We’re
probably safe for a while now, but let’s try to resist next Christmas, too.
•••
Honorable mention in this category goes to the cancellation of “Funny Girl,” one of the few namebrand
Broadway shows — thanks to you-know-who — that has not been seen in a major
revival.)
Recorded announcement: This construction requires a plural verb because the relative clause describes
“the few name-brand Broadway shows,” not “one.” If the parenthetical insert makes the plural
construction awkward, rephrase. Perhaps “one of the few … not to be seen,” or something like “the rare
name-brand Broadway show that has not been seen …”
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•••
After Deadline examines questions of grammar, usage and style encountered by writers and editors
of The Times. It is adapted from a weekly newsroom critique overseen by Philip B. Corbett, the
associate managing editor for standards, who is also in charge of The Times’s style manual.
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